伺服器壓力測試 - 使用 Apache Bench

伺服器壓力測試

上線前常常被問到伺服器可以承擔多大的業務
這時候線些工具可以幫助我們回答這個問題

Apache Bench

MacOS 預設已經安裝了 Apache Bench
又簡稱為 ab，是 Apache 開發的其中一個開源測試工具。主要用來測試網站或 API 的伺服器執行效能，並查看執行後伺服器的性能測試結果

使用 ApacheBench 進行網站的壓力測試

可以使用 ab <url> 開始對某一網址做測試，有很多參數可以使用

常用參數

使用 ab -h 指令可以看到

Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -I              Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                    (TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
    -E certfile     Specify optional client certificate chain and private key

比較常用的參數是

• -n：測試時執行的 request 數量，預設為1
• -c：一次執行下同時的 request 數量，模擬同時在線使用者數，預設為1
• -e output.csv：將測試的效能原始資料匯出成叫做 output.csv 的 CSV 檔

調整 php-fpm 參數

參考文章

docker 進到 php-fpm 的容器裡面
可以找到 /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 設定檔
就像 nginx config 檔案一樣，可以從外部調整後掛載進來

範例文章：Linux、nginx、php-fpm 連線數優化